SnapShot: Cytokines II

SnapShot: Cytokines II

SnapShot: Cytokines III

Inflammatory; promotes activation and production of acute-phase proteins ↓ = disregulated fever; increased susceptibility to bacterial infection; enhanced resistance to LPS-induced septic shock ↑ = exacerbation of arthritis and colitis T cells, B cells Many cell types Promotes activation and cytotoxicity; development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches ↓ = defective response to bacterial pathoge...

SnapShot: Cytokines IV

Receptor tyrosine kinases Diverse tissue DCs, other myeloid cells Differentiation and proliferation; synergizes with stem cell factor ↓ = impaired hematopoietic stem cell repopulation and B cell precursors G-CSF GCSFR dimer Macrophages, fibroblasts, other tissues Committed progenitors Differentiation and activation of granulocytes ↓ = neutropenia

SnapShot: Cytokines I

IL-10 IL10R1 and IL10R2 Differentiated T helper cells, Tregs, B cells, dendritic cells, others Macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, B cells Immune suppression; decreases antigen presentation and MHC class II expression of dendritic cells; downregulates pathogenic Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses ↓ = immune pathology due to uncontrolled inflammation. ↑ = inhibits sterile immunity to some pathogens.

SnapShot: Axon Guidance II

722 Cell 153, April 25, 2013 ©2013 Elsevier Inc. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.004 SnapShot: Axon Guidance II Alex L. Kolodkin1 and R. Jeroen Pasterkamp2 1Department of Neuroscience, HHMI, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA 2Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrech...